ANDREW JOHNSON

BOOK: Impeached: The Trail of President Andrew Johnson and the Fight for Lincoln's Legacy

AUTHOR: David O Stewart
WRITTEN: 2009
PAGES: 447

Consider this premise in 2004. George W Bush wants to unite the nation due to several divisive decisions nominates Teddy Kennedy as his running mate. In the middle of the War on Terror and the Bush Tax cuts he is assassinated and Kennedy takes over as President. Now Teddy has to deal with a Republican congress and a divided nation.

Take that premise and multiply 100 fold and that will give you a feel for our nation's heartbeat when Abraham Lincoln was tragically shot and Andrew Johnson took over as President of the United States.

Andrew Johnson, a Tennessee Democrat, succeeds, Abraham Lincoln, a Republican, at the beginning of Reconstruction. The GOP Congress is determined to exact revenge on the losers of the Civil War, turn out the Southern aristocracy, and give the Freedmen the opportunity to be a full part of American society. Johnson's sympathy is clearly with the South and the battle lines are drawn.

As I read this book, I could easily visualize this as a movie. The high drama of assassination, the period of Reconstruction, a time when federal income tax was in its infancy and the graft and corruption of government was vast and with many characters. One of which was dating a cross dresser (that is a fact)!

In the Showtime series, "The Tudors" they start the show by saying something to the effect, "Have you ever heard a stor yand know the ending but never really know how the story happened?" Well the Johnson Impeachment was just that. There are so many twists and turns.

• Ulyesses S Grant is trying to be loyal to Johnson yet hates him and wants to be President and is just biding his time.
• General Sherman is asked by Johnson to replace him but has loyalty to Grant.
• The Tenure of Office Act is so flimsy but is the primary prop used by the congressional adversary, Thaddeus Stevens who during the trial has to take shots of whisky just to keep going being ever so close to death.
• You have four different groups creating slush fund money to buy votes for acquittal.
• You have the South who sends many of the same Senators and Congressmen who left at the beginning of the war back to Washington City only to be turned away by the Northern Republicans who will not seat them.

The evidential aquittal of Johnson is almost anticlimatic. The Republican have a "super" majority and overrode veto after veto until Grant enters office. The "one" vote difference has been claimed by the seven turncoat Republicans for generations, "John Henderson of Missouri being one, but speculations was that many more were prepared to vote against impeachment if the opportunity presented itself.

Here is the ultimate irony, Johnson attempts to gain another attempt for President via the DEMOCRATIC convention and almost wins!

RECOMMENDATION

Stewart weaves these eventS like a novel. The book is riviting all the way to impeachment and then bogs down a bit but only because I know the ending. The book is well researched and extremely enjoyable to read, especially considering that the events are 140 years ago. You can almost see Kenneth Starr in each chapter!

SOURCE: St Louis Public Library

NEXT UP: Dereliction of Duty: Lyndon Johnson, Robert McNamera, The Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Lies That Led to Vietnam by H. R. McMaster

CALVIN COOLIDGE

BOOK: Coolidge: An American Enigma
Author: Robert Sobol
Written: 1998
Pages: 462

After reading about Franklin Roosevelt, I wanted to take on the task of reading about someone I knew little about. After reading about Calvin Coolidge, the title of the book is apropos. He is certainly an enigma, although more specifically, just a boring guy!

I will not recite the book to you though I would like to highlight the accomplishments of one of our former Presidents, but I honestly cannot. What made hime unique was, get this, his honesty. That was the common thread through the book. He was honest, thrifty, slow to speak , and VERY pragmatic.

Coolidge is from Vermont but lived in Massachusetts where he was a mayor, state senator, Lt. governor, and governor. He became Vice President to Warren Harding and the President after Harding passed away in the middle of his term. Not a wealthy man until after he left the White House, he did not own a home until after he was President.

His defining moment is a speech called "Have Faith in Massachusetts" that was certainly a fine speech but not one that I would recite after reading this book. Politically he was a Republican that believed in little government interaction and a balanced budget. He was one of Ronald Reagan's favorite Presidents.

Robert Sobol is certainly a Calvin Coolidge apologist and defends him against the various criticisms that Coolidge faced after his Presidency. Among them were:

1. Coolidge did little to regulate the market which led to the Great Depression. While that may be true, no know could have predicted the magnitude of a market crash of the like we saw in 1929. However, the way so many people were buying stocks on margin in the 1920s was certainly an indicator. Also Coolidge did little to interact with the Congress of the time.
2. Coolidge laizze faire attitude towards foreign affairs led to events that started World War II. The coutnry was in no mood for war and what surprised me was that World War I turned out to be a very unpopular war in the 1920s. Coolidge led the way to reducing the Navy Fleet and the military was neglected during this time. Coolidge's only foreign relations success was working with Mexico. Europe and the US were at odds with the protective tariffs of the time and Japan was largely unchecked.
3. Domestic Issues dominated the 1920s scene and not for the better. While Coolidge did focus on the homefront, his silence on Prohibition was a huge failure. Coolidge was a "wet" (favored drinking) but did not voice that. The Teapot Dome Scandal he inherited and did a nice job of cleaning it up. For the most part, the Congress ran the country and the country meandered on its way with not a heavy rudder.

Coolidge was the last of that era of Presidents. McKinley, Teddy Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson, Warren Harding, and Calvin Coolidge. The coutnry was moving too fast for Coolidge by the time he left office. Radio was a common household staple, Henry Ford had made the automobile a family institution and the economy was moving from the farm to the city.

Finally, the best part of the book was how Coolidge was nominated. Sobol devotes a large chunk of the book to the wheeling and dealing of political bosses and the party conventions. The primaries and media frenzy of our time does not remotely resemble the bank room deals made during that period of American history. Get this, Coolidge gets nominated for VP and he is not even at the convention AND the the presidential nominee has NO say in who is chosen.

RECOMMENDATION: Read only if you have to read a book about every US President. I caught myself thinking I should have read a shorter book.

SOURCE: St Louis Public Library

UP NEXT: Jimmy Carter: The Man and the Myth by Victor Lasky